| To get started, click on the booklet above and view it or download it. Or, if you already have the software, see the Help topic Getting Started, which contains the same information with many other topics. The
                PC-ORD context-sensitive help system has a more
                extensive text describing the programs available in PC-ORD,
                focusing on the mechanics of running the programs. It does not say much about the rational
                for using a particular analysis and why. Some useful references to help you decide what
                is appropriate for your data are McCune and Grace (2002), Beals
                (1984), Gauch (1982), Tabachnik and Fidell (2001), and Greig-Smith (1983), and Ludwig and
                Reynolds (1988). Gauch's book is a good introduction to the techniques developed at
                Cornell, and is still a good introduction to community analysis in general. Beals (1984)
                contains a penetrating critique of distance measures and ordination techniques from an
                ecological viewpoint. Clarke (1993) is an excellent, though somewhat dated, summary of the
                use of nonparametric techniques in ecology, for example nonmetric multidimensional
                scaling. Legendre and Legendre (1998) provides the most exhaustive survey of these
                techniques with a more mathematical presentation. 
                  
                    |  |  |  
                    |  |  |  Trademark: The essence of multivariate
                analysis is the extraction of a small number of important relationships from a very large
                number of possible relationships. The PC-ORD trademark
                on the cover symbolizes bringing to the foreground those few important relationships from
                all the possible relationships found in the background data. |